Although modern probability theory dates to the 1600s, our ancestors have been playing games of chance for a very long time. Via the amazing Cliff Pickover, for example, check out this ancient die (circa 2500 B.C.) from the Indus Valley Civilization. (Photo Credit: Lahore Museum in Lahore, Pakistan.)

The Lucky Five?
On modern die, opposite faces add up to seven. Since you can see both two and five in the photo, this does not appear to be the case here.