[1] See, e.g., Seana Valentine Shiffrin, “Immoral, Conflicting, and Redundant Promises”, in R. Jay Wallace, Rahul Kumar, and Samuel Freeman, editors, Reasons and Recognition: Essays on the Philosophy of T. M. Scanlon (Oxford Univ. Press, 2011), p. 160: “I deny that immoral ‘promises’ are true promises.”
[2] Shiffrin, op. cit., pp. 159-163.
[3] See David Owens, “A Simple Theory of Promising,” Philosophical Review, Vol. 115 (2006).
[4] Owens, op. cit., p. 72, n.28.
[5] See J. E. J. Altham, “Wicked Promises”, in Ian Hacking, editor, Exercises in Analysis (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1985), and Margaret P. Gilbert, “Three Dogmas about Promising”, in Hanoch Scheinman, editor, Promises and Agreements (Oxford University Press, 2011).
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