That is the title of this 2001 paper by mathematician W. D. Kaigh, who revisits the “Arizona Pick 3 incident” in which a flawed random digit generator severely compromised the Arizona Lottery Pick 3 in the summer of 1998. (I discovered Kaigh’s intriguing paper when I was reading Stephen Stigler’s new book “Casanova’s Lottery.”) On a related note, check out this excellent essay by Kathryn Schulz, who surveys the history, politics, and economics of State lotteries. Schulz’s work was published in the latest issue of The New Yorker.