My previous post highlighted some of the scholarly work of my colleague, mentor, and friend Dr Dean Cleavenger (1966 – 2022). Today, to give you some idea of Dean’s warm and inviting personality as well as his teaching style, I am sharing one of his videos on the topic of fear:
Dean Cleavenger: scholar
To honor the memory of my late colleague, mentor, and friend Dr Dean Cleavenger (pictured below), I want to share some of Dean’s scholarly work with my loyal followers. In addition to being a full-time lecturer (UCF), Fulbright scholar (Romania), and business owner (MidKnight Solar), Dean had developed a cutting-edge and interdisciplinary research agenda. Among other things, he made original and significant contributions to the study of neural networks (see here) and employee behavior (here and here). His most cited work, however, explored the “meaning of work” of the logic of “transformational leadership” (see here and here). But my personal favorite Dean Cleavenger paper by far is still his work on “The Buy-In: A Qualitative Investigation of the Textbook Purchase Decision“, which was co-authored with Brendan Richard and Valerie Storey and was published in the Journal of Higher Education Theory & Practice in 2014. This fascinating paper explores the timing and inner logic of college students’ decision-making process regarding textbooks. Specifically, why do some students delay or decide not to buy an assigned textbook? Among other things, Dean and his colleagues found that students make textbook purchase decisions “in a surprisingly well-thought-out and complex manner,” and they conclude their textbook-decision paper with the following frank and surprising observation: “Unbeknownst to the researchers prior to this study students are engaging in a long drawn out purchase decision-making process that encompasses all five stages of Dewey’s [critical thinking] model ….” Touche’!
Beyond his scholarly work, Dean was also my friend and mentor. I will share some personal reflections about Dean’s life in my next post.

In Memoriam: Dean Cleavenger
I received some somber news today (10 January): “As we begin the spring semester, I am sad to write that we’ve learned our former colleague Dean Cleavenger passed away Dec. 10. Dean was on faculty with us for from 2007-21, teaching our core management course as well as in the graduate and MBA programs. He was a great colleague and good friend to many. He was well respected by his students and known for his engaging and humorous storytelling. He had his Ph.D. from Ole Miss and was a Fulbright Scholar and an entrepreneur. He is survived by his children, Samuel and Maggie Cleavenger.” This short notice doesn’t even begin to do justice to Dr Dean Cleavenger’s legacy as a teacher and scholar, and his death is especially poignant because I not only knew Dean personally since the fall of 2014 (we both taught “lecture capture” courses at our home institution and met for lunch almost every month); I am only two years younger than Dean. I will post an elegy to my fellow scholar and friend soon; in the meantime, I found this touching tribute written by Dean’s son Samuel.
Music Monday: dj poolboi
Today (9 January) is the first day of my spring semester, so I am busy updating my syllabi and catching up on old emails; in the meantime, I am reblogging below this 2019 song by dj poolboi.
I discovered this haunting piece of instrumental music via the “Chill” station on SiriusXM (channel 53).
Via the Remember Singapore blog: “Time Adjustment for Singapore in 1982”

Singapore’s 1982 New Year was a little special, as it arrived earlier at 11:30pm on 31 December 1981. To meet the correct time, Singapore’s …
Singapore Trivia – Time Adjustment for Singapore in 1982
Saturday morning cartoon: Out of Sight (Japan)
Via peterme.com: “Out of Sight was placed on YouTube in 2010, but I only just discovered it in the past month, when The Algorithm served it up and I clicked out of idle curiosity. A gentle Miyazaki-esque animation with a light surprise, it quickly became a personal favorite, which I then immediately shared with D. You won’t spend a better 5:27 on YouTube today.” Hat tip: kottke.
Three Kings Day
Happy Three Kings Day! To commemorate the Epiphany, I am reblogging my Three Kings Day post from 2021.
Today (6 January) is Epiphany, or “Three Kings’ Day”; pictured below is a poster commemorating Three Kings Day, a poster originally made in 1982 by Nuyorican artist Manny Vega. More details about the significance of this holy day to my Latin American brothers and sisters are available here.

Readout error: ChatGPT on Cuba and freedom
ChatGPT doesn’t know what freedom is. That, or Microsoft’s new bot has become a mouthpiece of the Cuban Communist Party! I recently asked the AI engine, When will Cuba be free? And this misleading and erroneous four-sentence reply is what I got back: “Cuba is a sovereign country and is already free. The Cuban government is responsible for determining the policies and direction of the country, and the Cuban people are free to participate in the political process and express their views. However, there are concerns about the level of political freedom in Cuba, as the government has been criticized for its human rights record and for suppressing dissent. Some people believe that Cuba will become more democratic and open in the future, but it is difficult to predict exactly when or how that might happen.” Notice the use of the passive voice in both parts of sentence #3 and the use of the words “some people” in the last sentence. Even more egregious, the second parts of sentence #1 and sentence #2 are totally false.

Adventures in ChatGPT
Today, I asked ChatGPT to solve the “Liar Paradox“, and it responded as follows:
“The Liar Paradox is a statement that says ‘This statement is false.’ If the statement is true, then it is false, and if it is false, then it must be true. This creates a contradiction, and it is impossible to determine if the statement is true or false.
“There are a few different ways that philosophers and logicians have tried to resolve the Liar Paradox. One approach is to reject the assumption that the statement is either true or false, and instead consider it to be meaningless. Another approach is to accept the contradiction as a valid result, and to consider the truth value of the statement to be indeterminate.
“Ultimately, the Liar Paradox is a challenge to our usual assumptions about truth and falsehood, and it highlights the limitations of language and logic. There is no one ‘correct’ way to resolve the paradox, and different people may have different perspectives on how to approach it.”
Suffice it to say, ChatGPT did not solve the paradox.
I asked the new AI engine ChatGPT: “Hey, where did you get your priors?” And she (it?) replied:
“I was trained by OpenAI on a dataset of billions of words taken from the Internet. As a language model, my training involves predicting the next word in a sequence of words, given the words that come before it. I do not have personal experiences or biases, and I do not have access to external information beyond what I was trained on. I exist to assist users by generating human-like text based on the input that I receive. Is there anything else I can help with?“
What? The ChatGPT bot says it has no priors? It is either misinformed or a liar!





